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Energy Conservation

The total energy is, however, not yet conserved by the above described Type III algorithms. In order to achieve this we introduce a further parameter without changing the good properties according to the Gauss' law and unitarity discussed in the previous sections. We can achieve this, by rescaling the complement link variable with a link independent but time dependent factor during the numerical update procedure. It should, of course, not deviate from the value 1 in the continous time limit

The update equations become this way

 

with the Lagrange multipliers

Since is time dependent, it cannot be disantangled from an arbitrary implicit recursion scheme analytically. This fact provides us further restrictions on the applicability of Type III or Type IV algorithms.

Furthermore it is just consequent to use the same parameter in calculating the control quantity which should be the numerical approximation to the total energy of the system. Here is also some freedom to make a choice, we choose a formula which leads to a quite simple updating of the parameter in the OET scheme. It is as follows

because in the OET scheme all 'star' quantities () are replaced by their intermediate time values In this case it is especially simple to derive the rate of change of the energy according to the general definition

which becomes

Since the force acting on a group element on a given link is a nonlinear function of some neighbouring link values it is in general not possible to resolve an other implicit recursion scheme, which uses the updated values () themselves for calculating . In the OET scheme, however, we can just replace the recursion equations ( 55 ) imediately. After some trivial algebraic work we arrive at

 

In the continous time limit () this tends towards

which has to be zero. In this limit all the parameters are equal to 1, as well. The energy conservation in the continous time limit can be easily derived considering, that the quantity also can be obtained as part of the time derivative of <U,V>:

On the other hand this is equal to

if summed over all plaquettes and all links respectively. (Without summation this equality does not hold; with other words only the total energy is conserved, but there is a possible energy transfer between links through their coupling via shared plaquettes.) It completes the proof of the continous time limit energy conservation that calculating the time derivative of the plaquette group elements each link group element U occurs once as a time derivative and three times as part of the complement variable associated to the link where the time derivative is taken. We conclude that this way

so the total sum vanishes.

We require the same property for the numerical update procedure setting

to zero in eq.( 59 ). This leads to the following update prescription for the parameter

Since the updated is not used in the OET scheme, - and not even in some half implicit algorithms using but not for the update, because the recursion equation for U does not depend on (also not via ) - it is now starightforward to calculate new quantities from the old ones fulfilling all local and global constraints steming from the unitarity and orthogonality of group elements, from the Noether charge conservation (keeping deviations from the Gauss law constant during the time evolution) and from the total energy conservation. This completes the update procedure.

Finally we note that the 1-s in the numerator and denominator of the above formula have to be replaced by the ratio of spatial and time resolution, , in the general case. This modification improves the stability of the recursion, if .



next up previous
Next: Initializing and Stability Up: Classical Lattice Gauge Previous: Gauss' Law and



Biro Tamas 17-98
Tue Sep 5 11:43:00 CDT 1995